Therapeutic Philosophy

I received my undergraduate bachelor's degree in Psychological and Brain Sciences, with honors, from Dartmouth College. My Ph.D. in clinical psychology is from Drexel University, with a specialization in cognitive behavioral therapy. I held a joint appointment at the VA San Diego and the University of California, San Diego for my predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship; the latter of which was funded through the Center for Excellence in Stress and Mental Health (CESAMH). I am Board Certified in Behavioral & Cognitive Psychology by the American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP).

My training has centered on the evidence-based treatment of stress, anxiety, OCD, insomnia, trauma, and other mental health concerns using cognitive behavioral techniques. I have been fortunate to train under the field's leading experts in cognitive behavioral therapy, and my practice adheres to these evidence-based standards while incorporating novel, cutting-edge strategies that are being developed by ongoing research. I have worked at the following training sites:

• University of Pennsylvania, Center for The Treatment and Study of Anxiety

• Philadelphia Veterans Affairs (VA) Hospital

• Drexel University's Anxiety and Treatment Program

• Drexel University's Student Counseling Center

• San Diego Veterans Affairs (VA) Hospital

• University of California, San Diego's Medical Center

San Diego VA: Clinical research co-investigator and consultant

Veterans Medical Research Foundation: Consultant in clinical psychology

Department of the Navy: Clinical and Research Psychologist - contractor

My research at the VA, UCSD, and the Department of the Navy is focused on increasing access to care, enhancing quality of life and resilience, and improving the clinical effectiveness and efficiency of evidence-based interventions. I leverage technology (e.g., video teleconferencing) to improve treatment delivery, examine mechanisms of action to optimize interventions, and conduct program evaluations and clinical trials in understudied groups (including women’s health) to ensure equity of care across diverse populations. I am also committed to teaching behavioral health providers how to deliver evidence-based and trauma-informed practices across clinical settings, and have led CBT trainings for social workers, psychiatrists, and students.  

54. Otis, N. P., Myers, H. C., Glassman, L. H., Kobayashi Elliott, K. T., Michalewicz-Kragh, B. & Walter, K. H. (In Press). Perceived exertion as a moderator of psychological outcome changes during nature- based exercise among U.S. service members. Frontiers.

53. Walter, K., Glassman, L., Levine, J., Jun, H., Bonkowski, J., Chung, S., Schmied, E.A. (2026) Telebehavioral Health, In Person, and Hybrid Modalities of Treatment Delivery Among US Service Members. JMIR Mental Health, 13, e83809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/83809 

52. Glassman, L. H., Schmied, E. A., Jun, H. J., Bonkowski, J. F., Levine, J. A., & Walter, K. H. (2025). Telebehavioral Health Care Utilization Among US Military Personnel Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Military Medicine, 190(Supplement_2), 678-685.

51. Walter, K. H., Otis, N. P., Kline, A. C., Miggantz, E. L., Hunt, W. M., & Glassman, L. H. (2025). Was it helpful? Treatment outcomes and practice assignment adherence and helpfulness among US service members with PTSD and MDD. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 1-19.

50. Otis, N. P., Kline, A. C., Glassman, L. H., Hunt, W. M., & Walter, K. H. (2025). Sudden gains in cognitive processing therapy with and without behavioral activation among service members with comorbid PTSD and MDD. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104753 

49. Kline, A. C., Otis, N. P., Crocker, L. D., Glassman, L. H., Hunt, W. M., & Walter, K. H. (2025). Residual symptoms following trauma-focused treatment for comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 182, 42-49.

48. Wells, S. Y., Knopp, K., Wachsman, T., Dillon, K. H., Walker, H., Sippel, L., Morland, L., & Glassman, L. (2025). Examining the Impact of Brief Couples-Based PTSD Treatments on Anger and Psychological Aggression in Veterans and their Partners. Journal of Traumatic Stress.

47. Otis, N. P., Walter, K. H., Glassman, L. H., Ray, T. N., Kobayashi Elliott, K. T., & Michalewicz-Kragh, B. (2024). Comorbidity of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder: Outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapies among service members. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Advance online publication. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001673

46. Walter, K. H., Khandekar, P. R., Kline, A. C., Miggantz, E. L., Otis, N.P., Glassman, L. H.,  Thomsen, C. J., Brock, G., & Bryan,  C.J. (2024). Comparison of crisis response planning and treatment as usual for active duty service members at risk for suicide: Study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial in a military treatment facility.  Contemporary Clinical Trials Communication.

45. Glassman, L. H., Otis, N. P., Kobayashi Elliott, K. T., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., & Walter, K. H. (2024). Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf versus Hike Therapy among US Service Members. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(2), 241.

44. Schmied, E.A., Harrison, E., Englert, R., Thomsen, C., Glassman, L.H. (2023). A Qualitative Examination of Challenges and Opportunities to Maximize Mental Health among Shipboard Sailors. Military Behavioral Health.

43. Walter, K.H., Otis, N.P., Hose, M.K., Ober, K., & Glassman, L.H. (2023) The Effectiveness of the National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic for Veterans with PTSD. Frontiers in Psychology, Special Issue on Lifestyle Interventions for Traumatic Stress.

42. Walter, K.H., Otis, N.P., Miggantz, E.L., Ray, T.N., Glassman, L.H., Beltran, J.L., Kobayashi Elliott, K.T., and Michalewicz-Kragh, B. (2023). Psychological and Functional Outcomes Following a Randomized Controlled Trial of Surf and Hike Therapy for U.S. Service Members. Frontiers in Psychology, Special Issue on Lifestyle Interventions for Traumatic Stress.

41. Schmied, E.S., Jun, H. J., Glassman, L.H., Pippard, N., & Walter, K. H. (2023). Investigating the Effects of Suicide Exposure Among a Clinical Sample of Active Duty Service Members. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 36, 310–324.

40. Walter, K. H., Hunt, W. M., Otis, N.P., Glassman, L. H., Kline, A., C., Miggantz, E. L., & Thomsen, C. J. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of surf and hike therapy for U.S. active duty service members with major depressive disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 1-14.

39. Walter, K. H., Hunt, W. M., Otis, N. P., Kline, A. C., Miggantz, E. L., Thomsen, C. J., & Glassman, L. H. (2023). Comparison of behavioral activation-enhanced cognitive processing therapy and cognitive processing therapy among US service members: A randomized clinical trial. Psychiatry Research, 326, 115330.

38. Schmied, E. A., Glassman, L. H., Carinio, S. R., Dell’Acqua, R. G., Bryan, C. J., & Thomsen, C. J. (2022). Suicide-specific training experiences and needs among military mental health providers. Archives of suicide research, 1-15.

37. Morland, L., Knopp, K., Khalifian, C., Macdonald, A., Grubbs, K. M., Mackintosh, M., Becker, J., Sautter, F., Buzzella, B., Wrape, E., Glassman, L., Webster, K., Sohn, M., Glynn, S., Acierno, R., & Monson, C. (2022). A randomized trial of brief couple therapy for PTSD and relationship satisfaction. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2, (5) 392-404.

36. Walter, K. H., Levine, J. A., Madra, N. J., Beltran, J. L., Glassman, L. H., Thomsen, C. J. (2022). Gender Differences in Disorders Comorbid with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among U.S. Sailors and Marines. Journal of Traumatic Stress. doi: 10.1002/jts.22807

35. Glassman, L. H., Schmied, E. A., Englert, R. M., Harrison, E. H., & Thomsen, C. J. (2021). Brief report: relationships between self-reported psychological conditions and aggressive behaviors among crew members of a US Navy aircraft carrier, January 2021. Medical surveillance monthly report, 28(9), 13-16.

34. Wells, S. Y., Walter, K. H., Dedert, E. A., Strasshofer, D. R., Schnitzer, J. S., Thorp, S. R., Morland, L. A., & Glassman, L. H. (2022). Do older veterans experience change in posttraumatic cognitions following treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder? Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(4), 605–614. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001119

33. Glassman, L. H., Otis, N. P., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., & Walter, K. H. (2021). Gender Differences in Psychological Outcomes Following Surf Therapy Sessions among U.S. Service Members. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4634. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094634

32. Walter, K. H., Otis, N. P., Del Re, A. C., Kohen, C. B., Glassman, L. H., Ober, K. M., & Hose, M. K. (2021). The National Veterans Summer Sports Clinic: Change and Duration of Psychological Outcomes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 101939.

31. Jurick, S. M., Crocker, L. D., Merritt, V. C., Sanderson-Cimino, M., Keller, A., Glassman, L. H., Twamley, E. W., Rodgers, C. S., Schiehser, D. M., Aupperle, R., & Jak, A. J. (2021). Independent and synergistic associations between TBI characteristics and PTSD symptom clusters on cognitive performance and post-concussive symptoms in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20050128

30. Rosen, C. S., Glassman, L. H., & Morland, L. A. (2020). Telepsychotherapy During a Pandemic: A Traumatic Stress Perspective. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 174.

29. Morland, L. A., Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Greene, C. J., Hoffman, J. E., & Rosen, C. S. (2020). Advances in PTSD treatment delivery: Review of findings and clinical considerations for the use of telehealth interventions for PTSD. Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry, 7, 221-241.

28. Rosen, C. S., Morland, L. A., Glassman, L. H., Marx, B. P., Weaver, K., Smith, C. A., ... & Schnurr, P. P. (2020). Virtual mental health care in the Veterans Health Administration’s immediate response to coronavirus disease-19. American Psychologist.

27. Wells, S. Y., Dietch, J. R., Edner, B. J., Glassman, L. H., Thorp, S. R., Morland, L. A., & Aarons, G. A. (2020). The Development of a Brief Version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-3) in Older Adult Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 19(3), 352-362.

26. Glassman, L. H., Mackintosh, M. A., Wells, S. Y., Wickramasinghe, I., Walter, K. W., & Morland, L. A. (2020). Predictors of Quality of Life Following Cognitive Processing Therapy among Women and Men with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Military Medicine, 185(5-6), e579-e585.

25. Walter, K. H., Glassman, L. H., Wells, S. Y., Thorp, S. R., & Morland, L. A. (2020). The Impact of Depression Severity on Treatment Outcomes Among Older Male Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 33, 345-352.

24. Otis, N.P., Walter, K.H., Glassman, L.H., Ray, T.N., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., & Thomsen, C.J. (2020). Effects of PTSD and MDD comorbidity on psychological changes during surf therapy sessions for active duty service members. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 11(2).

23. Morland, L. A., Mackintosh, M., Glassman, L. H., Wells, S. Y., Thorp, S. R., Rauch, S. A. M., Cunningham, P. B., Tuerk, P. W., Grubbs, K. M., Golshan, S., Sohn, M. J., & Acierno, R. (2020). Home-based delivery of variable length prolonged exposure therapy: A comparison of clinical efficacy between service modalities. Depression and Anxiety, 37(4), 346-355.

22. Bosch, J., Mackintosh, M. M., Wells, S. Y., Wickramasinghe, I., Glassman, L. H., Morland, L. H. (2020). PTSD Treatment Response and Quality of Life in Women with Childhood Abuse Histories. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 55.

21. Liu, L., Thorp, S. R., Moreno, L., Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Busch, A. C., ... & Agha, Z. (2020). Videoconferencing psychotherapy for veterans with PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 26(9), 507-519.

20. Morland, L. A., Wells, S. Y., Glassman. L. H., Grubbs, K., Mackintosh, M. A., Golshan, S., Sohn, M., Thorp, S. R., Savage, U., & Acierno, R. (2019). What do veterans want? Veterans’ preferences for PTSD treatment delivery modality. Military Medicine, 184(11-12), 686-692.

19. Walter, K. H., Otis, N. P., Glassman, L. H., Ray, T. N., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., Kobayashi Elliott, K. T., Thomsen, C. J. (2019). Comparison of surf and hike therapy for active duty service members with major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of novel interventions in a naturalistic setting. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 16, 100435 

18. Walter, K. H., Otis, N. P., Ray, T. N., Glassman, L. H., Michalewicz-Kragh, B., Powell, A. L., & Thomsen, C. J.⁠ (2019). Breaking the Surface: Psychological Outcomes Among Active Duty Service Members Following a Surf Therapy Program. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, 45, 101551.

17. Thorp, S. R., Glassman, L. H., Wells, S. Y., Walter, K. H., Gebhardt, H., Twamley, E. W., … & Wetherell, J. (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial of Prolonged Exposure Therapy Versus Relaxation Training for Older Veterans with PTSD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 64, 45–54.

16. Wells, S. Y., Glassman, L. H., Talkovsky, A., Chatfield, M., Sohn, M., Morland, L. A., & Mackintosh, M. (2019). Changes in sexual functioning following cognitive processing therapy in a study of women veteran and civilian trauma survivors. Women’s Health Issues, 29(1), 72–79.

15. Glassman, L. H., Mackintosh, M. A., Talkovsky, A., Wells, S. Y., Walter, K. H., Wickramasinghe, I., & Morland, L. A. (2019). Quality of life following treatment for PTSD: Comparison of videoteleconferencing and in-person modalities. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 25(2), 123–127.

14. Morland, L., Macdonald, A., Grubbs, K. M., Mackintosh, M. A., Monson, C., Glassman, L., ... & Wells, S. Y. (2019). Design of a randomized superiority trial of a brief couple treatment for PTSD. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 15, 100369.

13. Walter, K.H., Glassman, L. H., Hunt, W.M., Otis, N.P., & Thomsen, C.J. (2018). Evaluation of an integrated treatment for active-duty service members with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 64, 152-160.

12. Herbert, J.D., Forman, E.M., Kaye, J.L., Gershkovich, M., Goetter, E., Yuen, Y., Glassman, L. H., … Marando-Blanck, S. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: Symptomatic and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 88-96.

11. Glassman, L. H., Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Bradley, L. B., Izzetoglu, M., Ruocco, A. C., & Foster, E. E. (2016). The effects of brief acceptance and commitment therapy vs. traditional cognitive-behavior therapy for public speaking anxiety: Differential effects on performance and neurophysiology. Behavior Modification, 40(5), 748-776. doi: 10.1177/0145445516629939

10. Glassman, L. H., Martin, L. M., Goldstein, S. P., Ibrahim, A. & Bradley, L. E. (2016). A Brief Report on the Assessment of Distress Tolerance: Are We Measuring the Same Construct? Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 34(2), 87-99. doi:10.1007/s10942-015-0224-9

9. Gershkovich, M., Herbert, J. D., Glassman, L. H., Ibrahim, A., Forman, E. M. & Kaye, J. (2016). Clinicians’ attitudes and experiences regarding telemental health services. The Behavior Therapist, 39(1), 14–20.  

8. Colvonen, P., Glassman, L.H., Crocker, L., Buttner, M., Orff, H., Schiehser, D., Norman, S., & Afari, N. (2016). Pretreatment biomarkers predicting PTSD psychotherapy outcomes: A systematic review. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 75, 140-156. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.027

7. Glassman, L. H., Kuster, A. T., Shaw, J. A., Forman, E. M., Izzetoglu, M., Matteucci, A. & Herbert, J. D. (2016). The relationship between dorsolateral prefrontal activation and speech performance-based social anxiety using functional near infrared spectroscopy. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 11(3), 797-807. doi: 10.1007/s11682-016-9554-1

6. Gershkovich, M., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M. & Glassman, L. H. (2015) Guided internet-based self-help intervention for social anxiety disorder with videoconferenced therapist support. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 23(2), 239-255. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2015.08.005

5. Glassman, L. H., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Bradley, L. B., Izzetoglu, M., & Ruocco, A. C. (2014). Near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of in vivo prefrontal activation in public speaking anxiety: A preliminary study. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1(3), 271-283. doi: 10.1037/cns0000009

4. Goetter, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Yuen, E. K., Gershkovich, M., Glassman, L. H.,  & Goldstein, S. P. (2013). Delivering exposure and ritual prevention for obsessive–compulsive disorder via videoconference: Clinical considerations and recommendations. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 2(2), 137–145. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2013.01.003 

3. Fan, A. F., Rapaport, M. H., Berg, A., Bresee, C., & Glassman, L. H. (2012). Allopurinol augmentation in the outpatient treatment of bipolar mania: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Bipolar Disorders, 14(2), 206–210. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01001.

2. Holmes L. B., Wyszynski D.F., Baldwin, E. J., Habecker, E., Glassman, L. H., Smith, C.R. (2008) Increased risk for non-syndromic cleft palate among infants exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy. Neurology, 70(22), 2152-2158. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000304343.45104.d6 

1. Glassman, L. H., Weierich, M. R., Hooley, J. M., Deliberto, T. L., Nock, M. K. (2007). Child abuse, self-criticism, and non-suicidal self-injury. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(10), 2483-2490. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002